{"id":3366,"date":"2022-08-14T15:19:44","date_gmt":"2022-08-14T15:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=3366"},"modified":"2025-06-17T18:38:34","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T18:38:34","slug":"biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/","title":{"rendered":"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD). The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation &#8211; failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion\u00a0 phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon,\u00a0 microbial pathogenic\u00a0\u00a0 skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID), with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibility<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Authorship:<\/strong> Udeh O. U., Nwogbu C. C. and Nwogbu P. I. | <a href=\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2022\/08\/EJEES-6.3-9-16-1.pdf\">FULL PDF<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","journal_article_cats":[168],"class_list":["post-3366","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","journal_article_cat-vol-6-no-3"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.2 (Yoast SEO v26.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application - European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD).The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation - failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon, microbial pathogenic skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID) , with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).Keywords: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibilit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD).The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation - failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon, microbial pathogenic skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID) , with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).Keywords: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibilit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-17T18:38:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/\",\"name\":\"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application - European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-14T15:19:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-17T18:38:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD).The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation - failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon, microbial pathogenic skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID) , with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).Keywords: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibilit\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/\",\"name\":\"European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences\",\"description\":\"\",\"alternateName\":\"DEQE PUBLICATIONS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application - European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","description":"The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD).The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation - failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon, microbial pathogenic skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID) , with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).Keywords: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibilit","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application","og_description":"The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD).The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation - failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon, microbial pathogenic skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID) , with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).Keywords: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibilit","og_url":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/","og_site_name":"European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","article_modified_time":"2025-06-17T18:38:34+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/","url":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/","name":"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application - European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-08-14T15:19:44+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-17T18:38:34+00:00","description":"The analytical study of the tissue biocompatibility status of intrauterine contraceptive beta phase Titanium Copper Alloy for gynecological application within the endometrium environment was investigated in comparative analysis with existing monoelement copper prototype Cu-T380(IUD).The biocompatibility assessment of the existing Cu-IUD380 evaluates problems of fragmentation micro-structural load deformation - failure mode which cause expulsion phenomenon , tissue bio-corrosion phenomenon, cell cytotoxicity phenomenon, microbial pathogenic skin rash reactions, Pelvic Inflammatory Disorders(PID) , with copper allergenic cramp resulting in infection phenomenon. These adverse phenomenal effects of expulsion, corrosion, cytotoxicity and subsequent infection associated with copper Intrauterine Device necessitated the development of an optimally improved beta phase biomaterial alloy, Titanium Copper alloy (TiCu alloy). This research innovated the design and production of Beta((\u03b2) phase TiCu alloy in the categories of specimens; Ti0.5%Cu, Ti1.0%Cu, Ti2.0%Cu, Ti5.0%Cu, Ti10.0.0%Cu, Ti15.0%Cu and Ti17.0% Cu, using Copper element as the experimental control reference biomaterial. The Ti-Cu alloy specimens were produced by powder metallurgy technique in an inert environment. The biocompatibility of the manufactured samples was investigated by Cellular Adhesion Test and Mitochondria (MTT) Activity Test methods. Ti17%Cu recorded a higher cell viability of 155% and 0.029mg\/L copper ion release which establish it (Ti-Cu) as a possible replacement to the existing prototype biomaterial (Cu-T380(IUD).Keywords: Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy; Intrauterine Gynaecological Application; Biocompatibilit","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/journal_article\/biocompatibility-of-improved-beta-phase-titanium-copper-alloy-for-intrauterine-gynaecological-application\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Biocompatibility of Improved Beta Phase Titanium Copper Alloy for Intrauterine Gynaecological Application"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/#website","url":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/","name":"European Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences","description":"","alternateName":"DEQE PUBLICATIONS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/3366","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"journal_article_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deqepub.org\/ejees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article_cats?post=3366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}