Water Cycle Hydro Recharge Evaluation for the Reservoirs of the Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere in Ozoro, Nigeria
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- May 2, 2026
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Okolotu, G. I.1, Nwadiolu, R.2, Akwenuke, O. M.3, &, Oluka, S. I.4
*1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Southern Delta University, P.M.B. 05., Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria
2Department of Agricultural Extension, Southern Delta University, P.M.B. 05, Ozoro, Nigeria
3Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Southern Delta University, P.M.B. 05., Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria
4 Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B.01, Enugu, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author
| ABSTRACT |
The earth main three spheres of lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere receive water in various forms otherwise recharges which enable the continuous water cycle as they release certain water quantities to another receiving end. Water is a major resource for man existence. Without water, most functions become incapacitated. For instance there can be no agriculture without water, no natural cooling systems at required parts of earth (especially soils and air), no adequate naturally available oxygen for human breathing without the water – H2O release of the molecule, etc. For more understanding and appropriation of water status and resources in and out of the reservoirs of the various naturally classified sphere types, this experimental evaluation involving soil and water surveillance and analysis of the selected region was carried out. The volume recharges of the lithosphere (obtained from rainfall volume intake), atmosphere (obtained from evaporation and transpiration hydro intake), and, hydrosphere (obtained from Infiltrated hydro volume intake) in the study region were obtained and evaluated. Results obtained showed that the minimal, average and maximum hydro recharge for lithosphere (9 mm/day, 830 mm/day, and 3988 mm/day), atmosphere (2 mm/day, 8 mm/day, and 9 mm/day), and, hydrosphere (94500 m3/day, 8715778 m3/day, and 30544500 m3/day) respectively were attributed to the hydro reservoirs within the water cycle of the region. Information of this earth – environment – water – concern are of necessity, requiring impacts from both local and higher levels, as water remain a top most vitality for human existence and functions.
Keywords: Water Cycle; Hydro Recharge; Lithosphere; Atmosphere; Hydrosphere
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